十二卷属--中文百科全书

形态特徵

多年生旱生多汁草本，植株较小。无茎或有短茎，叶肉质，通常较小，长在10厘米以下，叶集生茎上或辐射状基生。花茎从叶丛中伸出，总状花序；花小形或中等大小，花白色，有绿色或粉红色条纹，花被片6，下部结合成圆筒状，上部裂片长圆形，不整齐反卷；雄蕊6，短于花被片；子房无柄，3室，具多数胚珠。蒴果，三果瓣，室背开裂；种子扁而有棱。

主要分类

十二卷按叶片软硬可分为软叶系亚属、硬叶系亚属和大型硬叶系亚属3类。

软叶系：叶质较软，叶片短而肥，通常顶端较肥厚或呈截形，有透明或半透明的窗 ,并有明显的脉纹 .光线可透过窗进入植株体内进行光合作用。如毛汉十二卷、绿玉扇、青蟹、静鼓、白银寿、京之华锦，冰灯玉露等。

硬叶系：其叶质较硬，叶片剑形或三角形，大多数品种叶面上有白色疣突，具有反射强烈阳光的生理作用。如青瞳、十二之缟、象牙之塔、雄姿城、龙城、东之星座、龙鳞等。其中，大型硬叶系亚属的天使之泪、环纹冬之星座锦、瑞鹤锦目前国记忆体量不多，因此价格不菲。

综合还可分为塔型（如九轮塔）、殿型（如琉璃殿）、条纹型（如条纹十二卷锦）、截型（如玉扇）、珠型（如玉露）等。

十二卷属全属约150余种，按植株和叶的形态分为硬叶类和软叶类两类。硬叶类植物叶面常被白色斑点，或结节成条状(缟状)；软叶类叶多汁透明，叶缘常有美丽的毫毛，叶的上部常呈透明状，有的呈明显的“窗”状结构(如寿、万象)。

十二卷的多种形态

条纹十二卷Haworthia fasciata (Willd.) Haw.：叶片轮生在茎轴上，呈莲座状；叶三角状披针形，叶面深绿色，具较大的排列成横条纹白色瘤状突起(缟状)；

康氏十二卷Haworthia comptoniana：叶上半部呈水平状三角形，并透明形成“窗”，“窗”上有绿色纹理，叶缘有小齿状突起。

属下物种

以下表格内容参考

Name	Status	Date supplied
Haworthia agnis Battista	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia akaonii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia albispina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia amethysta M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia angustifolia Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia angustifolia var. altissima M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia angustifolia var. baylissii (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia angustifolia var. paucifolia G.G.Sm.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia ao-onii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia aquamarina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arabesqua M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea (L.) Duval	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. aranea (A.Berger) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. namaquensis M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. nigricans (Haw.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. scabrispina M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. setata (Haw.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia arachnoidea var. xiphiophylla (Baker) Halda	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia aristata Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia attenuata (Haw.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia attenuata var. radula (Jacq.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia azurea M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia baker 1896. Fc.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia batesiana Uitew.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia bathylis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bayeri J.D.Venter & S.A.Hammer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bella M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bicarinata Parr	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia blackburniae W.F.Barker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia blackburniae var. derustensis M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia blackburniae var. graminifolia (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bolusii Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bolusii var. blackbeardiana (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia borealis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia breueri M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bronkhorstii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia bruynsii M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia caerulea M.Hayashi & Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia caesia M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia calaensis Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia calva M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia candida M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia capillaris M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia chloracantha Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia chloracantha var. denticulifera (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia chloracantha var. subglauca Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia coarctata Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia coarctata var. adelaidensis (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia coarctata f. greenii (Baker) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia coarctata var. tenuis (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia compacta (Triebner) Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. dielsiana (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. doldii M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. gordoniana (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. leightonii (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. pilifera (Baker) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. truncata (H.Jacobsen) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cooperi var. venusta (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia crausii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia crinita M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia crystallina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cummingii Breuer & M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis (Haw.) Duval	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. angustata Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. incurvula (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. obtusa (Haw.) Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. ramosa (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. reddii (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. setulifera (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia cymbiformis var. transiens (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia davidii (Breuer) M.Hayashi & Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia decipiens Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia decipiens var. cyanea M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia decipiens var. minor M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia decipiens var. pringlei (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia decipiens var. virella M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia devriesii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia diaphana M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia diversicolor (Triebner & Poelln.) M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia elizeae Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia emelyae Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia emelyae var. comptoniana (G.G.Sm.) J.D.Venter & S.A.Hammer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia emelyae var. major (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia emelyae var. multifolia M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia emeralda M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia eminens M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia enigma M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia esterhuizenii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia exilis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia fasciata (Willd.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia flavida M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia floccosa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia florens M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia floribunda Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia floribunda var. dentata M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia floribunda var. major M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia fluffa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia foliosa Haw.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia fukuyae M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia fusca Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia glabrata (Salm-Dyck) Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia glauca Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia glauca var. herrei (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia gracilis Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia gracilis var. isabellae (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia gracilis var. picturata M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia gracilis var. tenera (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia gracilis var. viridis M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia groenewaldii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia hamata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia harryi M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia hastata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia hayashii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia heidelbergensis G.G.Sm.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia heidelbergensis var. minor M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia heidelbergensis var. scabra M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia heidelbergensis var. toonensis M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia herbacea (Mill.) Stearn	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia herbacea var. flaccida M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia herbacea var. lupula M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia herbacea var. paynei (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia hisui M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia hybrida Haw.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia indigoa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia integra Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia integra var. standeri Esterhuizen	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia jadea M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia jakubii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia janseneana Uitew.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia jansenvillensis Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia jeffreis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia kemari M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia kewensis Poelln.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia kingiana Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia koelmaniorum Oberm. & D.S.Hardy	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia koelmaniorum var. mcmurtryi (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia lachnosa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia laeta M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia lapis Breuer & M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia latericia M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia ligulata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia limifolia Marloth	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia limifolia var. arcana Gideon F.Sm. & N.R.Crouch	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia limifolia var. gigantea M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia limifolia var. glaucophylla M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia limifolia var. ubomboensis (I.Verd.) G.G.Sm.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia lockwoodii Archibald	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia longiana Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia maculata (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia maculata var. intermedia (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia magnifica Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia magnifica var. acuminata (M.B.Bayer) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia magnifica var. atrofusca (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia magnifica var. dekenahii (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia magnifica var. splendens J.D.Venter & S.A.Hammer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia maraisii Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia maraisii var. meiringii M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia maraisii var. notabilis (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marginata (Lam.) Stearn	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marmorata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marumiana Uitewaal	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marumiana var. archeri (W.F.Barker ex M.B.Bayer) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marumiana var. batesiana (Uitewaal) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marumiana var. dimorpha (M.B.Bayer) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia marxii Gildenh.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia minor (Aiton) Duval	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis (Haw.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. badia (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. beukmannii (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. calcarea M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. consanguinea M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. paradoxa (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. sublineata (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mirabilis var. triebneriana (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mollis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia monticola Fourc.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia monticola var. asema M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mortonii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mucronata Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mucronata var. calitzdorpensis Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mucronata var. habdomadis (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mucronata var. morrisiae (Poelln.) Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mucronata var. rycroftiana (M.B.Bayer) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mutica Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia mutica var. nigra M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nigra (Haw.) Baker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nigra var. diversifolia (Poelln.) Uitewaal	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nigrata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nortieri G.G.Sm.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nortieri var. globosiflora (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia nortieri var. pehlemanniae (C.L.Scott) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia oculata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia odetteae Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia ohkuwae M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia opalina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia outeniquensis M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pallens Breuer & M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pallidifolia (G.G.Sm.) M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia parksiana Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pectinis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pilosa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pubescens M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pubescens var. livida M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pulchella M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pulchella var. globifera M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pumila (L.) Duval	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pungens M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pusilla M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pygmaea Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia pygmaea var. argenteomaculosa (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia regalis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia regina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii (Salm-Dyck) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii var. brevicula G.G.Sm.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii f. chalumnensis (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii f. kaffirdriftensis (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii f. olivacea (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reinwardtii f. zebrina (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reticulata (Haw.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reticulata var. hurlingii (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia reticulata var. subregularis (Baker) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia retusa (L.) Duval	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia salina (Poelln.) M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia sapphaia M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scabra Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scabra var. johanii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scabra var. lateganiae (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scabra var. morrisiae (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scabra var. starkiana (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia schoemanii M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia scottii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia semiviva (Poelln.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia serrata M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia sordida Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia sordida var. lavranii C.L.Scott	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia sparsa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia specksii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia springbokvlakensis C.L.Scott	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia subhamata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia subularis M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia succinea M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia tarkasia M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia × tauteae Archibald	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia teres M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia tessellata Baker	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia tradouwensis Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia tretyrensis Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia tricolor (Breuer) M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia truncata Schönland	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia truncata var. maughanii (Poelln.) Halda	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia truncata var. minor Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia turgida Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia turgida var. longibracteata (G.G.Sm.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia turgida var. suberecta Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia unicolor Poelln.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia variegata L.Bolus	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia variegata var. hemicrypta M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia variegata var. modesta M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia variegata var. petrophila M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia veltina M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia venetia M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia venosa (Lam.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia venosa subsp. granulata (Marloth) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia venosa subsp. tessellata (Haw.) M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia venosa subsp. woolleyi (Poelln.) Halda	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia villosa M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia vincentii Breuer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia violacea M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia vlokii M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia wittebergensis W.F.Barker	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia x Tauteae Archib.	Accepted	2012-4-18
Haworthia zantneriana Poelln.	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia zantneriana var. minor M.B.Bayer	Accepted	2012-3-26
Haworthia zenigata M.Hayashi	Accepted	2012-3-26

生长环境

原生地的生态环境：非洲东部在临近沙漠的半乾旱地区，有一层相当繁茂的灌木常常形成密集灌木丛，与十二卷植物结合在一起，由于受到印度洋潮湿气流的影响，它们正好处在热带辐合带，因此能接受较多的降雨量，使这类植被较为繁茂，特殊的气候加速了岩石的风化，从而使土壤中钙质的含量增高，土壤多呈浅褐色且富含腐熟的肥力，为植物提供了必要的生长元素。冬季即每年的6～7月，温和雨季，平均温度在15℃左右，是这类植物的生长季节，夏季气候温暖而于燥，为每年12月至次年1月，平均气温为26。C，植株会进入休眠阶段。实际上，在热带和亚热带地区很多的植物种类都有休眠的特徵，它们休眠的主要原因是因为乾旱所致。

十二卷属植物是属于多肉植物里比较特殊的一类，因为原生地受印度洋暖湿气流的影响，生长环境草木繁盛，这类小型的肉质植物生长在草丛的覆盖下，每天有3～4h的光照就能长期生长旺盛，在强烈的光照环境下，叶片很快会被灼伤，生长温度适宜在12～28℃，高于或低于此温度都会进入休眠。十二卷属的植物大部分都有粗大的肉质根系，内储满水分，使得植株在乾旱的季节里维持生命状态。