片语
能够表示强调的词或片语很多，例如：only, just, exactly, precisely, too, very, ever, even, really, surely, for certain, for sure, still等。
a. only
从理论上讲，only应紧挨所修饰的词，位于动词、形容词、副词之前，位于名词、代词之前或之后。
--He had only six apples. （只有六个）
--He only lent the car. （只是借出）
--He lent the car to me only. （只是借给我）
--I believe only half of what he said. （只信一半）
当由only修饰的状语位于句首时，可引起局部倒装。
--Only then can some of the explanations put forward be adequately tested.
--Only in this way can a good result be achieved.
--Only when all the rules are operating will the transformational grammar yield grammatical sentences.
b. just, exactly, precisely
当要强调确切性-不仅整体上而且各个细节上都正确，可用副词just, exactly, precisely。例如：
--They'd always treated her exactly as if she were their own daughter.
--Their décor（室内装饰） was exactly right.
--I know just how you feel.
--He had no right to run off and leave her alone, just as if she was someone of no importance at all.
--The peasants are weak precisely because they are poor.
c. too
表示"太…"。置于表语类属性形容词前，可表示某人或某物具有的某种属性过多。
--Dad thought I was too idealistic.
--The shoes were too big for him.
--He was too proud to apologize.
--She was too weak to lift me.
Too还可置于限定词many，much和few之前，表示"…太多""…太少"。
--You ask too many questions, Sam.
--There is too much chance of error.
--Too few people nowadays are interested in Literature.
d. very
--The job was very easy.
--He had come at the very last moment.
--That very next afternoon he was working in his room.
--He spent weeks in that very same basement.
very可修饰形容词的最高级，这时它只能与加-est构成的最高级或the best/the worst 连用。very 置于the 和最高级之间。
--It was of the very highest quality.
--He did the very best he could.
e. ever
ever位于who, what, where, why, when, how之后，用来表示强调说话人惊奇、惊讶、愤怒、气恼和沮丧的语气。它与on earth, in the world有同样的含义。
--Why ever did you wash it in boiling water?
--Who ever are you?
--What ever are you doing in my car?
--Where ever have you put my briefcase?
--How ever did he escape unhurt?
为了强调否定，ever可置于否定词之后。
--I can't say I ever had much interest in fishing.
--Nobody ever leaves the airport.
f. a good deal，a great deal，a lot，much，far，by far，even，still
这组词都常用来修饰形容词的比较级，强调形容词所表达方式的属性多得多或少得多。
--It would be a good deal easier if you came to my place.
--The journey back was a great deal more unpleasant than the outward one had been.
--You look a lot better.
--He is a much better dentist than you.
--There are far worse dangers.
--His explanation is clearer by far.
--She's even lazier than me.
--I had a still more recent report.
--The text is actually worse still. (still可置于比较形容词之前或之后) 其中much和by far可修饰形容词的最高级。much用于the和最高级之前。
--Music may have been much the most respectable of his tastes.
By far既可用于the和最高级之前，也可用于其后。
--They are by far the most dangerous creatures on the island.
--The Union was the largest by far.
g. for sure，for certain
这两个强调语都是放在句末使用。
--They will warn us for sure.
--I can't tell you for sure.
--They don't know for certain.
h. at all通常用于否定陈述句中加强语气。它可与多种表否定的词连用。
--She had no writing ability at all.
--They run education without any control at all from central government.
--He hardly read anything at all.
--Haven't you got any at all?
i. in the least, in the slightest, the least bit, a bit.
这几个片语都常用来强调含有not 的否定句。其中in the least和in the slightest可与动词和形容词连用。当他们与动词连用时，通常放在动词或动宾之后；当他们与形容词连用时，in the least可置于形容词之前, in the slightest通常位于形容词之后。而the least和a bit只与形容词连用，放在形容词之前。
--She did not worry Billy in the least.
--My tennis hadn't improved in the slightest.
--I wasn't in the least surprised.
--She wasn't worried in the slightest.
--She wasn't the least bit jealous.
--They're not a bit interested.
句型
a. 反身代词
人们有时用反身代词替代人称代词作介词宾语表示强调。
--My first pupil today is a Pole like myself.
--There is always someone worse off than yourself.
反身代词可附加在名词或人称代词之后，用于强调或明确所指对象。
--We ourselves have got to build our own strength.
--Sally herself came back.
--The town itself was so small that it didn't have a priest.
反身代词还可强调表示某人无别人帮助或不受干扰做某事。这种用法中的反身代词通常置于句末。
--She had printed the card herself.
--I'll take it down to the police station myself.
b. 助动词do
在动词原形前加do, does或did可强调陈述。
--I do feel sorry for Roger.
--A little knowledge does seem to be a dangerous thing.
--He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he did bring home a regular salary.
--Do have a chocolate biscuit.
--Do help yourselves.
c. It is/was…that/who…句型
用It is/was…that/who…句型可用来强调名词片语或句子其他成分或整个从句及小句上。强调句型it is/was…that 是外加成分，可以去掉，句意完整。
--It's money that they want.
--It was from Francis that she first heard the news.
--Perhaps it's because he's a misfit that I get along with him.
--Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? (本句型的疑问形式)
重复
a. 倒装
英语陈述句的第一个成分通常是动词的主语。但是，要强调另一成分时，可将它置于句首（前置 fronting），而主语及动词的正常位置也会引起变动，这种位置变更叫倒装。
--Next to it stood a pile of paper cups.
--The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.
--Often did we go for walks together.
--Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances.
--Rare indeed is the individual who does not belong to one of these groups.
--Break his bloody neck, I will.
--Wailed the astonished banker: "You're not just doing your part for the American economy."
b. 重复
--It's far, far too expensive.
--I agree with every word you've said - every single word.
--It was the largest swarm of locusts that had ever been seen or that ever would be seen.
位置
大多数强调语位于它们所强调的词项之前，但是也有一些可放前也可放后，例如：still, by far, in the least, in the slightest。for certain和for sure则是位于句末。这些在第一节中都已经强调过，在此就不再重复。强调语位置的不同，所要表达的内容也会有一定的差异。
--I really don't know him. = I don't know him at all.
强调字--I don't really know him. = I don't know him well.
really位于否定範围之内和之外引起两个句子之间的差异（划横线的部分为否定範围）。
考题
题1：________ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。
【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显着特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
题2：“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。
【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其文法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。
其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样意涵就通顺了。
题3：It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什麽工作的”。
题4：Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。
【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点锺发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：
Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
题5：It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
A. when B. that
C. since D. while
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那麽若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我阿公加入党组织成为人民的公僕已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
题6：It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限製性定语从句，从而误选了A。
【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
