生命之符

​基本概述

生命之符(符号：☥），又称安卡，是埃及象形文字（又称圣书体）的字母，代表词语ʿnḫ，解作生命。部份古埃及的神祇手持生命之符的圈，或两手各执生命之符，交叉双手放于胸前。拉丁文称此符作cruxansata，「有柄的十字」之意。

对古埃及学者来说，其形象有何含意仍是个谜。一些专家认为它是子宫形像，但此猜测未被普遍接受。AlanGardiner推测它是便鞋扣带的形像，其圈让脚踝套入，因为便鞋扣带的写法也是ʿnḫ（但可能读音不同）。

生命之符是埃及象形文字(又称圣书体)的字母,解作生命。部份古埃及的神只手持生命之符的圈,或两手各执生命之符,交叉双手放于胸前。拉丁文称此符作ANKH,「有柄的十字」之意。

存在表现

生命之符在古埃及的墓地和艺术中常常出现。在画像中，赋与木乃伊生命的神祇的手指通常绘有生命之符。古埃及人以生命之符作为护身符，有时会加上另外两个分别代表「力量」和「健康」的字母。镜子也通常製作成生命之符的形状。

符号代表

类似的符号 (♀) 代表古罗马女神维纳斯。此符号被称作「维纳斯手持的镜」。在佔星学中，相同的符号代表，它代表金星；在炼金术中，它代表元素铜；在生物学中，它代表雌性。

在Unicode中，生命之符的编码是U 2625 (☥)。 生命之符在流行文化中，生命之符被广泛套用，代表悠久的历史、神秘的力量，也是古埃及的象征符号。

英文介绍

The Ankh was, for the ancient Egyptians, the symbol (the actual Hieroglyphic sign) of life but it is an enduring icon that remains with us even today as a Christian cross. It is one of the most potent symbols represented in Egyptian art, often forming a part of decorative motifs.

The ankh seems at least to be an evolved form of, or associated with the Egyptian glyph for magical protection, sa. However, what the sign itself represents is often disputed. For example, Sir Alan Gardiner thought that it showed a sandal strap with the loop at the top forming the strap, but if so, the symbolism is obscure and so his theory has found little real favor early on. However, this interpretation seems to have received some acceptance among modern writers. It would seem that the ancient Egyptians called that part of the sandal 'nkh (exact pronunciation unknown). Because this word was composed of the same consonants as the word "life", the sign to represent that particular part of the sandal, was also used to write the word "life".

Another theory holds that the ankh was symbolic of the sunrise, with the loop representing the Sun rising above the horizon, which is represented by the crossbar. The vertical section below the crossbar would then be the path of the sun

Wolfhart Westendorf felt it was associated with the tyet emblem, or the "knot of Isis". He thought both were ties for ceremonial girdles. Winfried Barta connected the ankh with the royal cartouche in which the king's name was written, while others have even identified it as a penis sheath. The presence of a design resembling a pubic triangle on one ankh of the New kingdom seems to allow for the idea that the sign may be a specifically sexual symbol. In fact, guides in Egypt today like to tell tourists that the circle at the top represents the female sexual organ, while the stump at the bottom the male organ and the crossed line, the children of the union. However, while this interpretation may have a long tradition, there is no scholarly research that would suggest such an exact meaning.

The ankh, on some temple walls in Upper Egypt, could also symbolize water in rituals of purification. Here, the king would stand between two gods, one of whom was usually Thoth, as they poured over him a stream of libations represented by ankhs.

The ancient gods of Egypt are often depicted as carrying ankh signs. We find Anqet, Ptah, Satet, Sobek, Tefnut, Osiris, Ra, Isis, Hathor, Anibus and many other gods often holding the ankh sign, along with a scepter, and in various tomb and temple reliefs, placing it in front of the king's face to symbolize the breath of eternal life. During the Amarna period, the ankh sign was depicted being offered to Akhenaten and Nefertiti by the hands at the end of the rays descending from the sun disk, Aten. Therefore, the ankh sign is not only a symbol of worldly life, but of life in the netherworld. Therefore, we also find the dead being referred to as ankhu, and a term for a sarcophagus was neb-ankh, meaning possessor of life.

ItisatleastinterestingthattheankhwordwasusedformirrorsfromatleasttheMiddleKingdomonward,andthatindeed,manymirrorswereshapedintheformofanankhsign.Lifeanddeathmirroreachother,andinanynumberofancientreligions,mirrorswereusedforpurposesofdivination.

Infact,theankhsigninancientEgyptseemstohavetranscendedilliteracy,beingcomprehensibletoeventhosewhocouldnotread.Hence,weevenfinditasacraftsman'smarkonpotteryvessels.

AstheChristianeraeclipsedEgypt'spharaonicpaganreligion,thesignwasadaptedbytheCopticchurchastheiruniqueformofacross,knownasthecruxansata.

象征

埃及神话